What does history have to tell us about how we, as Americans, came to define people by their race–the visual ways we group people based on their skin color, facial features, hair texture, and ancestry? History provides a LOT of answers to this...
When we think of California, we might think about sunny weather, Hollywood, beaches, wine country, and perhaps the Gold Rush. What we don’t usually think about when we think about California is the state’s long history of slavery. Jean Pfaelzer, a...
Long before European arrival in the Americas, Indigenous people and nations practiced enslavement. Their version of enslavement looked different from the version Christopher Columbus and his fellow Europeans practiced, but Indigenous slavery also...